9 Things to Know about Top of Funnel Content (ToFu)
Don Knapp
Imagine if your buyers read a quick data sheet, talked to a sales rep for…
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Imagine if your buyers read a quick data sheet, talked to a sales rep for 15 minutes, and said, “Yup, I’m ready to buy.” Life would be sooo much easier for digital marketers. But that’s not the way it works, is it? For starters, that particular B2B buyer should be fired: He didn’t take time to research options and make a careful, well-informed decision.
To win over decision makers, marketers need to nurture their interest and build a relationship. Business-to-business (B2B) content marketing does the heavy lifting at this early “top of funnel” (ToFu) stage, also called the “awareness stage.” In fact, 50% of the content B2B marketers produce is targeted for audiences in the early stages of the buyer journey, according to the Content Marketing Institute’s (CMI) B2B Content Marketing 2020 Report.
Marketers put a tremendous amount of effort into top of funnel content, so let’s talk about how to do it right. Here are the top nine things you need to know:
Top of funnel is where content marketing begins.
ToFu content focuses on your target audience—not on you.
Buyer personas lay the groundwork for great ToFu content.
Success hinges on a larger content marketing strategy.
A diversity of content formats pays dividends.
Connected content experiences accelerate the customer journey.
Content distribution can make or break top of funnel efforts.
Let’s get on the same page with definitions and terminology. What exactly is the “top of funnel,” and what does content have to do with it?
Content is now central to every digital journey, every customer touchpoint. The classic marketing and sales funnel (see graphic below) provides a basic understanding of the customer journey and how to approach the business of content marketing.
At each step of this customer journey, your B2B prospects and leads need information (aka content) to address their pain points, answer their questions, articulate solutions, and convey value propositions. A common content marketing strategy is to create content that addresses the specific needs of buyers at three primary funnel stages:
Top of funnel (ToFu): The top is wide because you’re engaging potentially thousands of prospects with your helpful content. We’re talking a reach of thousands more than will ever end up buying your product or service. But that’s the numbers game: Start big, cast a wide net. Engaging, high-quality content—focused on your audience’s needs—is what captures their attention at this stage, also known as the “Awareness” stage.
Middle of funnel (MoFu): A much smaller subset of these prospects will actually engage with your content and express initial interest in your solution. When they’ve reached the middle of the funnel, or the “Consideration” stage, your content will continue to nurture their interest, provide helpful solutions, and, now, position your company as the best solution. Note: Buyers can also enter the funnel here, skipping ToFu, if they’ve already done extensive research on their own (which is very common).
Bottom of funnel (BoFu): As the funnel narrows further, a handful of initial prospects are now ready to buy and are strongly considering your solution or service. The content you create at this stage zeroes in on your solution’s technical features, benefits, ROI, and success stories with other customers. Content helps close the deal. BoFu can further be segmented into “Evaluation” and “Decision” stages.
Some marketers use ToFu, MoFu, and BoFu as shorthand to describe the stages of the funnel, while others prefer the labels Awareness, Consideration, Evaluation, and Decision. Still others have abandoned the funnel concept for a flywheel or cycle. (But let’s not get into that debate.)
The point is, whether you say “ToFu content” or “awareness stage content,” you’re talking about content whose purpose is to engage professionals at the very beginning of their customer journey, often before they’re even considering a purchase.
“When ToFu content is designed well, it builds trust, creates connection, and encourages your audience to continue their journey with you,” says Matt Thompson, Director, Demand Generation at Crownpeak, a digital experience platform and enterprise CMS.
ToFu content often functions in the service of demand generation. But generating leads and nurturing them isn’t the only goal: Top of funnel content goals may also include improving brand awareness, or even building trust and loyalty among existing customers.
2. ToFu Content Focuses on Your Target Audience—Not on You
“At the top of the funnel, the content you create should be about helping, not selling,” says Ben Tomkins, Vice President of Content Marketing at Tendo. At this stage of the customer journey, your prospects have become aware of a challenge or pain point they need to solve, or they are conducting research on a topic of interest. “They are absolutely not interested in a pitch about your products or services at this stage, so don’t go there,” adds Tomkins.
Instead, create content focused on your target audience’s needs, interests, and pain points. Provide credible tips, guidance, thought leadership, and industry best practices and solutions. If they like your content, they’ll keep coming back for more. According to CMI’s 2020 Benchmarketing Report, 88% of the most successful marketers prioritize their audience’s informational needs over their organization’s sales and promotional messages. So follow their lead.
Let’s look at three examples of ToFu content tailored for various B2B target audiences.
Wrike’s in-depth Project Management Guide helps both beginning and experienced project managers improve their skills. This is classic top of funnel content designed to position Wrike as a helpful, credible industry resource. What you don’t see here: any promotion of Wrike’s work management platform or related products.BMC, an enterprise IT software provider (and Tendo client), offers a thought leadership paper that addresses a specific pain point for IT professionals. Results from a Forrester Consulting study add industry credibility. This piece of ToFu content invites readers already versed in IT security issues to learn new insights and the latest industry best practices, with light mentions of BMC’s own approach to these solutions. BMC chose to gate this resource to capture names and email addresses for ongoing lead nurturing. (Gating strategy and whether or not to gate your assets is another blog post for another day.)The blog post is one of the most common top of funnel content formats. And Salesforce has built one of the more successful B2B blogs with its helpful content for sales, marketing, and customer service professionals. Here is one of its most popular top of funnel blog posts on sales productivity. Notice that the headline promises eight super-helpful tips and contains SEO keywords like “productive salespeople” to attract sales reps searching for answers to this common sales challenge.
3. Buyer Personas Lay the Groundwork for Great Top of Funnel Content
It’s OK for ToFu content to speak to multiple audiences at the same time. You want to cast a wide net. But your content marketing efforts will flop if your content assets aren’t exceptionally relevant and useful for your target audiences. That’s why creating buyer personas pays off for top of funnel content marketing. Your persona research will shed light on your customers’ job functions and goals, careabouts and pain points, what type of content they already consume, their objections to your solution, and much more.
A well-researched buyer persona unlocks a trove of content ideas that come from understanding what interests your target audience and how to capture their attention. You can deepen this understanding with ongoing and periodic interviews with customers themselves, or with sales reps and customer success managers who talk to customers every day.
The finishing touch is to perform SEO keyword research to zero in on the exact words and phrases your audience uses, and then to incorporate them into your content. In addition to using a keyword research tool like the ones offered by Moz and SEMRush, try out the free AnswerThePublic tool to view the actual questions searchers are asking about your topic, and then include those phrases in your content.
4. Success Hinges on a Larger Content Marketing Strategy
Too often marketers crank out random acts of content at the top of funnel stage: a blog post on this, an eBook on that—shiny, pretty topics created without a clear business or marketing objective behind them. The result is wasted effort. Conversely, 69% of the most successful marketers have a documented content marketing strategy in place, according to CMI’s 2020 Benchmarking Report.
A healthy content marketing strategy—also called a content marketing framework—establishes your marketing goals and KPIs, defines your target audience, and outlines the content strategies and tactics you’ll use to engage your audience and convert them to leads and customers. Every content asset serves a purpose.
“A content strategy allows you to be methodical and consistent,” says Kathy Badertscher, Senior Director, Digital Content Strategy at Tendo. “You want a steady drumbeat of content published throughout the year.” Top of funnel content often takes a long time to generate its full ROI, adds Badertscher: “The B2B buying process is often lengthy and complex, and so your nurture process must accommodate that.”
5. A Diversity of Content Formats Pays Dividends
A healthy content marketing mix should include a range of content formats. You want your target audience to be able to consume content in their preferred format and channel. If someone isn’t ready to download a lengthy white paper, they can click a LinkedIn share on the topic, view a teaser video, or read the summary blog post. Give them options!
The blog post reigns as the most commonly encountered B2B content type. But there are so many other creative formats that can act as lead magnets at top of funnel:
Long-form article
Social media post
Webinar
Video
eBook/guide
White paper
Research report
Infographic
Image
Presentation
Quiz or poll
Checklist
Email newsletter
6. Connected Content Experiences Accelerate the Customer Journey
Let’s assume you’re a content pro and that you’ve created a wealth of truly fantastic top of funnel content. You’re getting oodles of engagement. The spigot is flowing with qualified leads. Now what?
Craft a content experience that gently guides your prospects further along their journey. That means considering the connective tissue between individual content assets as well as the connections between funnel stages. Think about how it all works together—leading prospects from ToFu- to MoFu-focused content—and remember that the average B2B buyer consumes 13 pieces of content along this journey.
If a prospect views an eBook, what will they want to read next? Serve it up! Keep them bingeing on your content with “You may also like” recommendations and compelling calls to action (CTAs) for related content assets. Deploy retargeting ads and LinkedIn Sponsored Content to keep your brand top of mind among recent website visitors. Don’t let your prospects reach a dead end and then click away from your website, never to return!
Want advanced techniques for optimizing the content experience and guiding top of funnel prospects through consideration and purchase? Check out Tendo’s free eBook, 7 Keys to a Great Content Experience.
7. Content Distribution Can Make or Break Top of Funnel Efforts
Once you create content that you know your target audience wants to read, the next challenge is getting it in front of them. ToFu content won’t help you reach your goals without a multichannel content distribution strategy. You have to know your audience’s preferred channels and meet them there.
And you have to pay. Unfortunately, quality organic reach only gets you so far in today’s competitive digital marketing landscape. Paid content distribution is a must. Consider deploying boosted social posts and social ads, Google Ads, banner ads, retargeting ads, and outbound emails to a targeted list. When you create a high-value asset like an eBook, you need to merchandise it with related social media posts, blog posts, and infographics. Make everything shareable.
8. You Must Be Better than Your Content Competition
No pressure, but your ToFu content needs to be awesome. Or at least awesomer than what your competition is putting out. Strive to create assets that your target audience can’t resist clicking on: authoritative, engaging, helpful, and credible; fresh content that reflects current trends, or evergreen content that details technical best practices and how-to’s. Content that your readers will want to share with peers or decision-makers.
Review your competition’s ToFu content on a regular basis. How does your own content compare with theirs in terms of quality? What is their thought leadership angle? Do they stay current on industry innovations? No, we’re not suggesting that you steal their ideas. The point is to find your niche and differentiate your content from theirs—to make it better so that you win the web traffic instead of them.
We’ve covered almost all of the necessary ingredients for ToFu content success. Just two more to go: measurement and optimization.
Your content marketing strategy or plan should have specified your marketing goals and KPIs. Now it’s time to track those metrics on a regular basis to see which content assets are killing it and which ones are not.
If we’re honest as marketers, there are a lot of metrics that can make us look good even if they don’t translate into bottom-line results. I’m talking about pageviews, impressions, clicks, etc. But at the end of the day, is your content generating qualified leads, and are those leads converting and closing? How are content-generated leads performing compared to other demand-gen tactics? You need to find out.
And if the numbers don’t look great, keep at it. Even for high-performing content, don’t leave well enough alone. Continue to optimize your content on a quarterly basis. Find ways to improve it with better SEO keywords or updated best practices and statistics. Use Tendo’s content scorecard methodology to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative performance of all your content.
As Tendo VP and Managing Director Lindy Roux says in her content optimization blog post, “In today’s competitive, content-saturated environment, you simply must revisit older content to evaluate its performance and make regular, ongoing improvements. It ain’t optional!”
Talk to Tendo
Content marketing success at top of funnel takes concerted effort but also experience. Tendo Communications has generated leads for world-class enterprise B2B organizations, and we can do the same for you, too. Contact us to discuss your challenges and how we can help.
